diff --git a/lightrag/api/routers/graph_routes.py b/lightrag/api/routers/graph_routes.py
index 078fd452..46e225b6 100644
--- a/lightrag/api/routers/graph_routes.py
+++ b/lightrag/api/routers/graph_routes.py
@@ -284,7 +284,9 @@ def create_graph_routes(rag, api_key: Optional[str] = None):
                 "data": entity_data,
             }
         except ValueError as ve:
-            logger.error(f"Validation error creating entity '{request.entity_name}': {str(ve)}")
+            logger.error(
+                f"Validation error creating entity '{request.entity_name}': {str(ve)}"
+            )
             raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(ve))
         except Exception as e:
             logger.error(f"Error creating entity '{request.entity_name}': {str(e)}")
@@ -328,9 +330,13 @@ def create_graph_routes(rag, api_key: Optional[str] = None):
             )
 
             if not source_exists:
-                raise ValueError(f"Source entity '{request.source_entity}' does not exist")
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Source entity '{request.source_entity}' does not exist"
+                )
             if not target_exists:
-                raise ValueError(f"Target entity '{request.target_entity}' does not exist")
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Target entity '{request.target_entity}' does not exist"
+                )
 
             # Create the relationship
             await rag.chunk_entity_relation_graph.upsert_edge(
diff --git a/lightrag/kg/postgres_impl.py b/lightrag/kg/postgres_impl.py
index ad271b15..96f4be94 100644
--- a/lightrag/kg/postgres_impl.py
+++ b/lightrag/kg/postgres_impl.py
@@ -828,8 +828,8 @@ class PostgreSQLDB:
 
                     # Execute the migration
                     alter_sql = f"""
-                    ALTER TABLE {migration['table']}
-                    ALTER COLUMN {migration['column']} TYPE {migration['new_type']}
+                    ALTER TABLE {migration["table"]}
+                    ALTER COLUMN {migration["column"]} TYPE {migration["new_type"]}
                     """
 
                     await self.execute(alter_sql)
diff --git a/lightrag/operate.py b/lightrag/operate.py
index cd8d8a64..e11b039e 100644
--- a/lightrag/operate.py
+++ b/lightrag/operate.py
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ async def _handle_single_relationship_extraction(
     ):  # treat "relationship" and "relation" interchangeable
         if len(record_attributes) > 1 and "relation" in record_attributes[0]:
             logger.warning(
-                f"{chunk_key}: LLM output format error; found {len(record_attributes)}/5 fields on REALTION `{record_attributes[1]}`~`{record_attributes[2] if len(record_attributes) >2 else 'N/A'}`"
+                f"{chunk_key}: LLM output format error; found {len(record_attributes)}/5 fields on REALTION `{record_attributes[1]}`~`{record_attributes[2] if len(record_attributes) > 2 else 'N/A'}`"
             )
             logger.debug(record_attributes)
         return None
@@ -2225,7 +2225,7 @@ async def extract_entities(
             await asyncio.wait(pending)
 
         # Add progress prefix to the exception message
-        progress_prefix = f"C[{processed_chunks+1}/{total_chunks}]"
+        progress_prefix = f"C[{processed_chunks + 1}/{total_chunks}]"
 
         # Re-raise the original exception with a prefix
         prefixed_exception = create_prefixed_exception(first_exception, progress_prefix)
diff --git a/lightrag/utils.py b/lightrag/utils.py
index 60542e43..83a3c394 100644
--- a/lightrag/utils.py
+++ b/lightrag/utils.py
@@ -1472,8 +1472,7 @@ async def aexport_data(
 
     else:
         raise ValueError(
-            f"Unsupported file format: {file_format}. "
-            f"Choose from: csv, excel, md, txt"
+            f"Unsupported file format: {file_format}. Choose from: csv, excel, md, txt"
         )
     if file_format is not None:
         print(f"Data exported to: {output_path} with format: {file_format}")
diff --git a/reproduce/batch_eval.py b/reproduce/batch_eval.py
index 424b4f54..5a4cfc38 100644
--- a/reproduce/batch_eval.py
+++ b/reproduce/batch_eval.py
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ def batch_eval(query_file, result1_file, result2_file, output_file_path):
         """
 
         request_data = {
-            "custom_id": f"request-{i+1}",
+            "custom_id": f"request-{i + 1}",
             "method": "POST",
             "url": "/v1/chat/completions",
             "body": {